INTRODUCTION: Parental technoference (PTF) refers to the behaviour of a parent who looks at the screen of their smartphone (or other electronic device) instead of their child’s face during parent-child interaction. The parent’s inattention to the child disrupts adult–child reciprocal trust and warmth, negatively affecting the parent-child relationship. The parent may also unconsciously convey to the child that they are of low importance. Additionally, given that children lack awareness about what is right and wrong in relation to screen use, frequent PTF may lead to the establishment of bad...